The U.S. government imposes its own version of government tribal membership lists for individual allotment distribution. Thousands of White settlers, aided by attorneys, get themselves listed on tribal rolls, which serve as U.S. government recognition as a “tribal member” and eligibility for land allotments. Choctaws and Chickasaws hire their own law firm, challenge those lists, and remove 3,200 people from the rolls (Nies, 1996; Young, 1958).